Distribution by number of billionaires:
1. Russia 1.2 %
2. United States 0.5 %
3. China 0.4 %
4. Other 1.2 % (Mexico, Chile, Kazakhstan, United Kingdom, India, Switzerland, Italy, South Korea)
Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya
Distribution by number of billionaires:
1. Russia 1.7 %
2. India 0.7 %
3. China 0.6 %
4. Australia 0.4 %
5. Other 1,1 % (United States, United Kingdom, Thailand, Ukraine, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Georgia, South Korea, Kazakhstan);
Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya
Distribution by number of billionaires:
1. Russia 1.7 %
2. India 0.7 %
3. China 0.4 %
4. Other 1.7 % (Hong Kong, Nigeria, Kazakhstan, Thailand, Mexico, Ukraine, Switzerland, Czechia, United States, Australia, Poland, South Korea)
Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya
INVESTMENTS IN MINING AND METALLURGY. WHAT DO THE RICHEST PEOPLE CHOOSE? Forbes World's Billionaires List (1-1000):
1. Coal
2. Steel, iron ore
3. Copper
4. Gold
5. Aluminium, bauxite
6. Silver
7. Limestone
8. Zinc
9. Fertilizers
10. Nickel
11. Cobalt
12. Platinum, molybdenum
13. Palladium, diamond
14. Quartz, sand
15. Lead, tungsten, uranium
Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya
Investors in mining and metallurgy.
Distribution of billionaires by country from Top 1-100
Distribution by number of billionaires:
1. Russia
2. China
3. USA
4. India
5. Australia
Distribution of billionaires by mining investments:
1. Russia
2. India
3. China
4. USA
5. Australia
Forbes World's Billionaires List. The Richest in 2021. MINING & METALLURGY (Top 1-100):
1-100
1. #24 Gautam Adani & family (India) - coal
2. #51 Alexei Mordashov (Russia) - steel, gold, coal, broken stone
3. #55 Vladimir Potanin (Russia) - nickel, copper, cobalt, palladium, platinum, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, silver, gold, selenium, tellurium, other metals, coal
4. #59 Vladimir Lisin (Russia) - steel, limestone, dolomite, coal
5. #61 German Larrea Mota Velasco & family (Mexico) - copper, molybdenum, silver, coal
6. #70 Gina Rinehart (Australia) - iron ore
7. #74 Iris Fontbona & family (Chile) - copper, molybdenum, gold
8. #87 Andrew Forrest (Australia) - iron ore
9. #99 Alisher Usmanov (Russia) - steel, copper, iron ore
101-200
10. #103 Dhanin Chearavanont (Thailand) - iron ore, steel, aluminium, bauxite, alumina, magnetite, coal, manganese
11. #105 Andrey Melnichenko (Russia) - baddeleyite concentrate, apatite concentrate, iron concentrate, phosphate fertilizers, feed phosphates, potash fertilizers, coal
12. #117 Radhakishan Damani (India) - limestone
13. #124 Suleiman Kerimov & family (Russia) - silver, gold, copper, steel, potassium fertilizers
14. #128 Mikhail Fridman (Russia, Israel, United Kingdom) - recycling aluminum scrap, steel, coal
15. #133 Lakshmi Mittal (India, United Kingdom) - steel, coal
16. #140 Pallonji Mistry (India, Ireland) - steel, iron ore, coal, chrome, manganese, ferroalloys
17. #142 Roman Abramovich (Russia, Israel) - steel, coal, vanadium, nickel, cobalt, copper, platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, silver, gold, selenium, tellurium
18. #161 Wang Wenyin (China) - copper, tungsten
19. #168 Kumar Birla (India) - aluminium, copper, limestone, iron ore, ferro alloys, coal, dolomite, precious metals, phosphoric fertilisers, diamond
20. #169 Dang Yanbao (China) - coal
21. #191 Aliko Dangote (Nigeria) - limestone, coal
22. #193 Mikhail Prokhorov (Russia) - aluminum, nickel, copper, platinum, palladium, cobalt, gold, other metals, coal
23. #195 Viktor Rashnikov (Russia) - steel, coal
201-300
24. #224 German Khan (Russia, Israel, United Kingdom) - recycling aluminum scrap, steel, coal
25. #234 Savitri Jindal & family (India) - steel, coal
26. #234 Iskander Makhmudov (Russia) - copper, zinc, lead, gold, coal, cadmium, indium, recycling scrap copper and waste copper, steel
27. #241 Jim Pattison (Canada) - diamond
28. #255 Alberto Bailleres Gonzalez & family (Mexico) - silver, gold, zinc, lead, bismuth, cadmium, magnesite, copper
29. #262 Viktor Vekselberg (Russia, Cyprus) - aluminum, copper, recycling scrap copper
30. #274 Benu Gopal Bangur (India) - limestone, coal
31. #288 Andrei Skoch & family (Russia) - steel, copper, iron ore
32. #288 George Soros (United States, Hungary) - gold
33. #288 Zheng Shuliang & family (China) - aluminum, bauxite
301-400
34. #297 Nassef Sawiris (Egypt) - limestone
35. #308 Nicky Oppenheimer & family (South Africa) - diamond
36. #316 Alexei Kuzmichev (Russia, United Kingdom) - recycling aluminum scrap, steel, coal
37. #323 David Reuben (United Kingdom) - aluminum, steel, copper, recycling scrap metals
38. #323 Simon Reuben (United Kingdom) - aluminum, steel, copper
39. #327 Alexander Abramov (Russia, Cyprus) - steel, coal, vanadium
40. #327 Rinat Akhmetov (Ukraine) - steel, iron concentrate, ferroalloys, limestone, coal
41. #352 Michael Kadoorie (Hong Kong) - coal
42. #369 Igor Altushkin (Russia) - copper, zinc, gold, silver
43. #369 Bajaj brothers (India) - steel, coal
44. #369 Ludwig Merckle (Germany) - limestone, natural stone aggregates (sand and gravel), crushed aggregates (stone chippings and crushed stones)
45. #380 Guo Guangchang (China) - steel, iron ore, gold
46. #391 Fredrik Lundberg (Sweden) - steel, recycling steel scrap
47. #391 Dmitry Rybolovlev (Russia, Cyprus, Monaco) - potassium fertilizers
401-500
48. #404 Liu Yongxing (China) - aluminum, alumina, coal, polycrystalline silicon
49. #418 Dennis Washington (United States) - copper, molybdenum, diamond
50. #421 Andrei Kozitsyn (Russia) - copper, zinc, lead, gold, coal, cadmium, indium, steel, recycling scrap copper and waste copper
51. #451 Andrei Guriev & family (Russia) - potassium fertilizers, phosphates, feed phosphates
52. #472 Chen Fashu (China) - gold, copper, tin, lead, zinc, tungsten, platinum, iron
501-600
53. #502 Ivan Glasenberg (Switzerland) - aluminum, nickel, zinc, copper, lead, ferroalloys, coal, bauxite, iron ore
54. #529 Shen Guojun (China) - silver, gold
55. #529 Yu Yong (China) - molybdenum, cobalt, niobium, copper, tungsten, gold, phosphate fertilizers, feed supplements, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, byproducts (gypsum and hexafluorosilicic acid)
56. #539 Ruan Hongliang & family (China) - quartz
57. #561 Lin Xiucheng & family (China) - recycling scrap steel
58. #574 Abdulsamad Rabiu (Nigeria) - limestone, coal
59. #589 Bidzina Ivanishvili (Georgia, Russia, France) - iron ore, pellets
60. #589 Issad Rebrab & family (Algeria) - quartz sand, dolomite
61. #589 Thomas Schmidheiny (Switzerland) - gravel, sand, natural stone aggregates, limestone
601-700
62. #622 Vladimir Kim (Kazakhstan) - copper, zinc, silver, gold, coal
63. #638 Viatcheslav Kantor (Russia, United Kingdom, Israel) - potassium fertilizers
64. #638 Miao Hangen (China) - sand
65. #638 Sami Mnaymneh (United States) - gypsum, anhydrite, limestone, sand, gravel, basalt
66. #638 Sergei Popov (Russia) - coal, baddeleyite concentrate, apatite concentrate, iron concentrate, phosphate fertilizers, feed phosphates, recycling scrap metal
67. #638 Tony Tamer (United States) - gypsum, anhydrite, limestone, sand, gravel, basalt
68. #665 Rakesh Jhunjhunwala (India) - iron ore, gold, aluminium, coal, pig iron, foundry coke
69. #665 Lee Yin Yee (China) - silica sand
70. #665 Paul Singer (United States) - copper, gold, silver, uranium, zinc, molybdenum, silver, nickel, coal, iron ore, potash fertilizers
71. #665 Kerry Stokes (Australia) - iron ore, gold
72. #680 Fang Wei (China) - iron ore, steel
701-800
73. #705 Daniel Kretinsky (Czechia) - coal
74. #705 Julio Ponce Lerou (Chile) - lithium (lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide), potassium fertilizers, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium chloride hexahydrate (bischofite), sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, silvinite, boric acid, iodine, copper, gold, silver, molybdenum
75. #727 Du Jiangtao & family (China) - limestone, coal, ferrosilicon smelting
76. #727 Koon Poh Keong (Malaysia) - aluminium, bauxite, alumina
77. #727 Ira Rennert (United States) - steel, magnesium, lead, copper, zinc, recycling lead
78. #727 Marc Rowan (United States) - potassium fertilizers (sulfate of potash), salt, magnesium chloride
79. #775 Daniel D'Aniello (United States) - coal
80. #775 Oleg Deripaska (Russia, Cyprus) - aluminum, coal, ferromolybdenum, nickel, copper, cobalt, palladium, platinum, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, silver, gold, selenium, tellurium, other metals
81. #775 Clive Palmer (Australia) - iron ore, coal, nickel, cobalt
82. #775 Karsanbhai Patel (India) - limestone
801-900
83. #775 Zhang Jin (China) - steel, iron ore, copper, zinc, nickel, silver, aluminium, alumina
84. #807 Li Liangbin (China) - lithium
85. #807 Michael Milken (United States) - silver
86. #807 Ronald Perelman (United States) - steel, iron ore
87. #807 Paolo & Gianfelice Mario Rocca (Italy, Argentina) - steel, iron ore, gold, copper
88. #831 Anil Agarwal & family (India, United Kingdom) - steel, iron ore, aluminium, zinc, lead, silver
89. #831 Daniel Och (United States) - platinum, diamonds, uranium, gold, copper, cobal
90. #859 John Paulson (United States) - gold, silver, copper
91. #891 Francesco Gaetano Caltagirone (Italy) - limestone, calcined clay
92. #891 Alexander Frolov (Russia) - steel, coal, vanadium, nickel, copper, platinum, palladium, cobalt, gold
901-1000
93. #891 Bulat Utemuratov (Kazakhstan) - gold, zinc, lead, copper, precious metals, aluminum, nickel, copper, lead, ferroalloys, coal, bauxite
94. #925 Neal Blue & family (United States) - uranium
95. #925 Lucio Tan (Philippines) - nickel
96. #956 Chey Tae-won (South Korea) - coal, steel, iron ore, copper
97. #956 Ronald McAulay (Hong Kong) - coal
98. #956 Zygmunt Solorz-Zak (Poland) - coal
99. # 956 Zhang Li (China) - coal
100. #986 Antonio Del Valle Ruiz & family (Mexico) - fluorspar
Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya
IMHO, Every research or article on metals and mining should be profitable because they are applied sciences, but not basic sciences.
Metallurgy and mining have two criteria: process cost and profit. If there is no profit, then nothing needs to be done.
P.S. Metallurgy and mining (earth sciences) are applied sciences. Applied science is the application of existing scientific knowledge to practical applications, like technology or inventions [wikipedia].
Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya
100 out of 1000 billionaires invest in mining or metallurgy. This is 10%.
Out of 100 billionaires:
80 % have college and university diplomas;
3-4 % studied but did not graduate;
17-18 % have no university education;
2-3 % have no school education.
This did not stop them from becoming billionaires.
80 billionaires have over 110 diplomas. Of them:
Engineer, bachelor - 62 %;
Master - 24 %
Doctors of science - 14 %.
Billionaires are diplomas in the following specialties:
Economics, business, management - 51 %;
Law, jurisprudence - 9 %;
Metallurgy, mining - 6 % (only billionaires from Russia);
Other - 34 %.
14 Doctors of Science in the following specialties (15 diplomas):
Economics - 27 %;
Math and physics - 20 %;
Metallurgy and mining - 13 % (only billionaires from Russia);
Jurisprudence - 13 %;
Other - 27 %.
For those studying economics, the mind works in a completely different way.
Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya
Reference
